| Sammy's profile廖 显 Sammy.liaoPhotosBlogLists | Help |
|
16 December RAC可扩展性实现关键
15 December Non-GAAP Financial Information - BI INSIGHT SERIES今天早上,召开了HP的FY09 Q1 Communication Day,HP的Vice President Piau-Phang Foo(PP)做了关于“FY08 Q4 Global and China Biz update”的一个报告,当然,在里面主要还是阐述了一些关于HP FY08 Q4财年一些数据,其中当然也是BI Report 为主的东西了,看年报的时候,分析到一个关于Non-GAAP financial information的时候,我旁边的同事顺便问了我一下关于Non-GAAP的概念,具体的数据,因为HP 有SBC,不好公开场合透露,不过,我可以借借其它公司的数据来简单说明一下,也好让我做年报分析的同事心里有底。
据我所知,全球财务报告体系主要采用的是两大会计衡量标准,一个是美国公认会计原则(US GAAP)和被其它许多国家包括欧盟、中国、澳大利亚等作为财务基准的国际财务报告准则(IFRS),而基于Non-GAAP财务基准得出的财务分析,主要是为了补充按公认会计准则(GAAP)计算的公司简明损益汇总表,于是,在公司的财务报告当中,特定部分使用了非公认会计准则的财务衡量指标。这些非公认会计准则财务衡量指标包括非公认会计准则毛利、非公认会计准则净收入以及非公认会计准则摊薄每股净收益。为使公司的投资者能更好地对比当前的业绩与以往的业绩,公司一般会给出从公认会计准则到非公认会计准则财务衡量指标的对账单,也就是HP后面做的"Q4 FY08 GAAP to non-GAAP bridge",分别从Revenue,Cost of sales,Total OpEx,Operating profit,Interest&other,net,Pre-tax earnings,Income tax,Tax rate,Net earnings以及EPS 10个方面做了比较。不过,我这里再补充一下,根据公司的不同,所采用的非公认会计准则财务衡量指标也会有所不同,而且,非公认会计准则财务衡量指标是不能替代按公认会计准则计算的财务业绩的。不过,在ACCA(特许公认会计师公会)的推动下,以前的IFRS和US GAAP在趋同。
如下是Oracle 的 Earnings Report: September 18, 2008
11 December 借助甲骨文内容管理,谋求生存发展
关于演讲人 萧永雄目前任职于甲骨文大中华区内容管理业务拓展总监。萧先生拥有二十年的丰富经验。在1988 加入美国甲骨文加洲总部,任职应用和技术平台架构顾问。之后,在2003年加入甲骨文大中华区当职金融行业首席架构师。 10 December Jamie Oliver - Everynight in ShanghaiI am very appreciate Jamie Oliver, Oh wait and who is he? Jamie Oliver presents the recipes that he is using in a way that makes them easy to follow. The food is always great too. What is so good about this show is that we are not watching a professional chef make food that we as "normal" cooks, would not be able to make.
Everynight, I with Jamie Oliver. 09 December The 2008 Global Outsourcing 100The 2008 Global Outsourcing 40 ranking by The International Association of Outsourcing Professionals™ (IAOP™)
red mean Chinese company, black mean India company. A letter which I want to write to Larry EllisonOracle awalys symbol to the special technology expert by itself. Many tech fans also like to talk about Oracle technology expecially in some special field, database, middleware or even applicaions. Public praise is very important I agree, but the good product should not just exit in the expert circle. This is Marketing world and maybe feel cruel sometimes.
Occasionally, you will find some crazy behavior about Oracle acquisition like Hyperion, Siebel recently, but when you come to www.hyperion.com again, you will jump to Oracle-hyperion sub-web page that is very simple and bald. Manybe that will prove the Oracle as proud as a peacock, but I feel a little overbearing and waste. At least, Diversification is the core of the world. Pls give the choose to your customer, anyway.
In China, just for my feeling, Oracle does not seem to especially pay attention to this market very much. Of course, EPS in local is the key performance analysis point, but how to service for the China using the chinese way, Oracle seem to not get ready. Focus on the big deal, that should be a right strategy, but as if it is lost in the quick result and immediate profit. Stock price is 16.98 right now, cut down from the 23.52, range 27.8%, certainly, SAP (57.48 to 33.91, range 41%) , IBM (128.53 to 84.86, range 33.98%) , HP(52.3 to 33.53, range 35.89%), CSCO(29.06 to 17.25, range 40.64%) is bigger wave range than Oracle totally, seem as good, but I think Oracle can be better at all. Exact managment and control with smart I think that is good symbol about doing the information managment.
Oracle is a information company, I wish Larry Ellison can find this article luckly, that is hard evidence about good at information, right? Aha.
07 December BREAK-EVEN ANALYSIS - BI INSIGHT SERIES听着ICS Live Tune里传出来厚重男音,伴着缓慢中低的guitar的JAZZ,然后思考思考算法,谁说,搞理科的人就没有感性思维了啊。总记得初中老师给我的一句话:外表的浪漫并不是浪漫,真正的浪漫是灵魂的浪漫。
思考算法,以及模型,并不像很多人想象的那么郁闷,就像一个做财务心中是不是时刻都在衡量Break-even point(盈亏平衡点)一样,作为一个干BI,当然,有些人本能的认为,这就是一个Config issue,跟什么统计、财务、市场这些都是没有关系的,当然,这是一个完全的技术出身的思考方式,拿以前我的导师教训我的话来说一样:This is a complete technology thinking way, you do not understand the market at all. 就像如果简单的去找到Break-even point是一个纯财务应该做干的事情,但是如何做Break-even analysis就是管理决策的事情了,那么你能不懂这些么?当然,仁者见仁,很多国内的同仁们本来就把BI简简单单当作一个养家糊口的工作而已,当然,能帮老外分担一些Config issue也就足够了,犯不着去往上思考。当然,这个也有人生态度的成份在里面了,至少,我不太喜欢,在事情上面那么的消极,前面说了,这个其实也是一种乐趣,一种浪漫的方式吧。
其实,在Break-even analysis最重要的是基于两种成本和利润的分析,固定成本(Fixed Operating Costs-FOC)和弹性成本(Variable Operating Costs-VOC),在通常帮助企业建立这个分析面板的时候,我们需要首先找到Contribution margin(CM)= Revenue - VOC, 然后你可以建立 Unit CM = CM / Units 和 CM ratio = CM / Revenue 。最后,你可以开始建立最终的两个分析模型:
OBP (units) = FOC / Unit CM
OBP(dollars)=FOC / CM ratio
前者为临界单位,后者为临界Revenue.
最后,祝你在Dashbroad展现方式上好运。 03 December MANAGE YOUR CASH - BI INSIGHT SERIES由于金融危机,现在涉及BI项目里面突然有了很多加入了Cash management的需求。特别是国外的一些公司,以前杠杆操作特别厉害,房地产在涨,所以也没有在乎,不过现在这个时候,很多企业都开始捏紧裤腰带,开始盘算着自己口袋里的盈余了,是否足够明年的过冬。
其实,对于“Cash”,是一个相当不明确的概念,有的包括了企业库存的现金,银行里的支票,以及账户存款支票等等,当然,有的时候也把有价证券放在这个概念之中,特别是短期的有价证券,比如短期国库券之类的。拥有现金一般动机有两个:Transactions motive (交易动机)和 Compensating balances (最低存款余额),前者是为了日常的现金消耗,后者是为了应付银行服务所发生的费用,一般占比较低。为什么企业不愿意占有太多的现金呢?以前,我在看到一个关于新加坡航空收购案的例子里,拥有资产100亿美元的一个企业,其现金占有为6640万美元。其实,原因很简单,就是现金的杠杆效应,以及机会成本。为了确定目标现金余额,企业就必须对持有现金的收益和成本进行权衡。而这个目标现金余额(Target cash balance)的权衡是现金管理最核心的问题。
以前看Norman Moore的书,关于现金部分,一般会提到一个模型叫做Baumol Model(鲍摩尔模型),公式为:C=square root(2bT/i) 。 C 为最佳的现金余额,b 为置换现金的固定交易成本,T 为已知的现金总需要量, i 为持有现金的机会成本。当然,作出一个构建的新的KPI ,还需要拿一些应用数据来测试:
假设一个Golden Socks Corporation (G)在0周C=120万美元,且每周的现金流出量比现金流入量多60万美元。 该公司的现金余额在第二周末将降为0,即在这两周内其平均余额为60万美元,在第二周末,G公司就必须出售所有的有价证券或通过借贷来补充现金。如果把C提高到240万美元,这样,企业在出售有价证券前,现金就可以维持4周时间,但是企业的平均现金也饿也会从60万美元,提高到120万美元。另外,如果把C减小到60万美元,那么现金在一周内就会耗尽,但是企业平均现金余额却从60万美元降到了30万美元。 为了找到一个最佳的现金余额政策,G公司必须明确三个因素:现金的机会成本 i ,补充现金的固定成本 b 以及现金在一段时期内的总需求量 T。
机会成本 = (C/2)*i
交易成本 = (T/C)*b
总成本 (TC)=机会成本+交易成本=(C/2)*i +(T/C)*b
然后对总成本对应的现金余额求导,并让其为0,就可以应证上面的那个公式:C=square root(2bT/i) 。
当然,关于这个模型也是有局限性的,以及前提假设条件,比如,在假设期内为发生现金收入,以及支出率不变等等,不过这个模型是最简单,也是最直观的关于现金管理的最佳评估模型,也很通用。
另一个比较出名,应用比较广泛的模型是The Miller-Orr Model(米勒-奥尔模型),这是由默顿.米勒和丹尼尔.奥尔创建的一种能在现金流入量和流出量波动的情况下确定目标现金余额的模型。
其实,The Miller-Orr Model 在定了一些假设前提(比如日净现金流量服从正态分布等)之后,确定了一个区间,即H上限,和L下限。如果现金余额上升贴近H,企业则应该购入有价证券之类,使现金降低,反之,则应该回收现金。而Z就是目标现金余额。 其公式为: 方程组 Z = cube root((3b*square(r))/4i) + L 和 H = 3Z-2L 其中,square(r) 是日净现金流量的方差 , L为企业给定,那么目标现金余额Z和上限H就能解出。不过,在KPI中过于复杂,设置比较麻烦,一般不采用,除非是Internal reference report。 01 December Business Intelligence Survive
In this quarter, financial crisis begin to try our confidence. When it is very dark of pre-announcing every company's earnings, Technology Services and Outsourcing Services seem to receive the special favor. Management believe data even more. How to be the flexible company during the crisis, and change on demand, that give more opportunity to the Business Intelligence. It seems that Cisco will give up the San Francisco, and HP will trust China even more. Like CEO Mark's announcement in HP Q4 Review, 'Technology Services and Outsourcing Services showed particular strength. ' The Prudent analysis is core needs depend on data. Liquidity is essential for survival, but right now every CEO pays more close attention to the Cash flow than at any time.
Forecast, budgets, and changed on demand, these seem to specially prepare for BI. Bring more chances to BI after big fear and uncertainty in the future. Who will win in the next year, BI has the final say.
PS: India terrorism issue seem to destroy the confidence about IT Outsourcing from Westen, more opportunity will inflow into China. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|